Theory of spatial mode competition in a fiber amplifier

Abstract

Theory of monochromatic wave field amplification in a waveguide array based on expansion of the wave field in terms of guided array modes is developed. Equations for the expansion coefficients include cross-modal gain, which completely changes behavior of the amplified wave field. Analysis of two-mode amplification reveals new unusual features in characteristics of two-mode amplifier. Instead of unlimited growth of both modes for incoherent fields, one of the modes grows with no limit and suppresses the lower-power mode. Effects associated with the cross-modal gain are illustrated analytically on a system of two thin parallel planar waveguides. Conditions are found when a mode with lower gain can become the dominant one at the output of amplifier.