Electrical Neutrality and Symmetry Restoring Phase Transitions at High Density in a Two-Flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model

Abstract

A general research on chiral symmetry restoring phase transitions at zero temperature and finite chemical potentials under electrical neutrality condition has been conducted in a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model to describe two-flavor normal quark matter. Depending on that $m_0/\Lambda$, the ratio of dynamical quark mass in vacuum and the 3D momentum cutoff in the loop integrals, is less or greater than 0.413, the phase transition will be second or first order. A complete phase diagram of $u$ quark chemical potential versus $m_0$ is given. With the electrical neutrality constraint, the region where second order phase transition happens will be wider than the one without electrical neutrality limitation. The results also show that, for the value of $m_0/\Lambda$ from QCD phenomenology, the phase transition must be first order.