Intrinsic Spin Hall Effect: Topological Transitions in Two-Dimensional Systems
Abstract
The spin-Hall conductivity in spatially-homogeneous two-dimensional electron systems described by the spin-orbit Hamiltonian p σ is presented as a sum of the universal part Me/8 π determined by the Berry phase =M π (M is an odd integer, the winding number of the vector p) and a non-universal part which vanishes under certain conditions determined by the analytical properties of p. The analysis reveals a rich and complicated behavior of the spin-Hall conductivity which is relevant to both electron and hole states in quantum wells and can be detected in experiments.
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