Galaxies:kinematics as a proof of the existence of a universal field of minimum acceleration

Abstract

Taking into account only luminous objects, the kinematics of clusters of galaxies, galaxies and their interior, require a much higher mass than the luminous one to explain the observations. This situation has provoked more than 30 years of intense research and has stimulated hypothesis like the dark matter. Also new mechanical theories, different from Newton (like the Modified Newtonian Dynamics), have been proposed. We here present an alternative: theoretical and observational data strongly suggest the existence of a universal field of minimum acceleration of the order of c/t, c the speed of light and t the age of the Universe. We keep our reasoning within the present state of the art of Quantum Mechanics, Relativity and Newtonian Mechanics. With this approach the kinematics of the luminous objects are explained without any additional assumption. At the same time the sizes of all structures in the Universe, from protons up to the Universe, are explained as due to the constant action of this field.