Group cocycles and the ring of affiliated operators

Abstract

In this article we study cocycles of discrete countable groups with values in l^2(G) and the ring of affiliated operators UG. We clarify properties of the first cohomology of a group G with coefficients in l^2(G) and answer several questions from [CTV]. Moreover, we obtain strong results about the existence of free subgroups and the subgroup structure, provided the group has a positive first l^2-Betti number. We give numerous applications and examples of groups which satisfy our assumptions.