Fermions with spin 1/2 as global SO(3) vortices
Abstract
In this paper we show that the nontrivial fundamental group π1 SO(3) = Z2 for the group SO(3) of global proper rotations of a four-dimensional Euclidian space (when a spin structure is introduced preliminarily in that space) implies always fermions as global SO(3) vortices, while bosons can be reduced to trivial lines (contracted into a point) in the SO(3) group space.
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