Faster Algorithms for Online Topological Ordering

Abstract

We present two algorithms for maintaining the topological order of a directed acyclic graph with n vertices, under an online edge insertion sequence of m edges. Efficient algorithms for online topological ordering have many applications, including online cycle detection, which is to discover the first edge that introduces a cycle under an arbitrary sequence of edge insertions in a directed graph. In this paper we present efficient algorithms for the online topological ordering problem. We first present a simple algorithm with running time O(n^{5/2}) for the online topological ordering problem. This is the current fastest algorithm for this problem on dense graphs, i.e., when m > n^{5/3}. We then present an algorithm with running time O((m + nlog n)\sqrt{m}); this is more efficient for sparse graphs. Our results yield an improved upper bound of O(min(n^{5/2}, (m + nlog n)sqrt{m})) for the online topological ordering problem.