Decomposition into weight * level + jump and application to a new classification of primes

Abstract

In this paper we introduce an Euclidean decomposition of elements a_n of an increasing sequence of natural numbers into weight * level + jump which we use to classify the numbers a_n either by weight or by level. We then show that this decomposition can be seen as a generalization of the sieve of Eratosthenes (which is the particular case of the whole sequence of natural numbers). We apply this decomposition to prime numbers in order to obtain a new classification of primes, we analyze a few properties of this classification and we make a series of conjectures based on numerical data. Finally we show how composite numbers and 2-almost primes behave under the decomposition.