Hankel operators that commute with second-order differential operators

Abstract

Suppose that $\Gamma$ is a continuous and self-adjoint Hankel operator on $L^2(0, \infty)$ and that $Lf=-(d/dx(a(x)df/dx))+b(x)f(x)$ with $a(0)=0$. If $a$ and $b$ are both quadratic, hyperbolic or trigonometric functions, and $\phi$ satisfies a suitable form of Gauss's hypergeometric equation, or the confluent hypergeometric equation, then $L\Gamma =\Gamma L$. The paper catalogues the commuting pairs $\Gamma$ and $L$, including important cases in random matrix theory. There are also results proving rapid decay of the singular numbers of Hankel integral operators with kernels that are analytic and of exponential decay in the right half plane.