Explicit Construction of First Integrals with Quasi-monomial Terms from the Painlev\'e Series
Abstract
The Painlev\'e and weak Painlev\'e conjectures have been used widely to identify new integrable nonlinear dynamical systems. For a system which passes the Painlev\'e test, the calculation of the integrals relies on a variety of methods which are independent from Painlev\'e analysis. The present paper proposes an explicit algorithm to build first integrals of a dynamical system, expressed as `quasi-polynomial' functions, from the information provided solely by the Painlev\'e - Laurent series solutions of a system of ODEs. Restrictions on the number and form of quasi-monomial terms appearing in a quasi-polynomial integral are obtained by an application of a theorem by Yoshida (1983). The integrals are obtained by a proper balancing of the coefficients in a quasi-polynomial function selected as initial ansatz for the integral, so that all dependence on powers of the time τ=t-t0 is eliminated. Both right and left Painlev\'e series are useful in the method. Alternatively, the method can be used to show the non-existence of a quasi-polynomial first integral. Examples from specific dynamical systems are given.