Integration with respect to fractional local times with Hurst index $H$ greater than 1/2

Abstract

Let ${\mathscr L}^H(x,t)=2H\int_0^t\delta(B^H_s-x)s^{2H-1}ds$ be the weighted local time of fractional Brownian motion $B^H$ with Hurst index $1/2<H<1$. In this paper, we use Young integration to study the integral of determinate functions $\int_{\mathbb R}f(x){\mathscr L}^H(dx,t)$. As an application, we investigate the {\it weighted quadratic covariation} $[f(B^H),B^H]^{(W)}$ defined by $$ [f(B^H),B^H]^{(W)}_t:=\lim_{n\to \infty}2H\sum_{k=0}^{n-1} k^{2H-1}\{f(B^H_{t_{k+1}})-f(B^H_{t_{k}})\}(B^H_{t_{k+1}}-B^H_{t_{k}}), $$ where the limit is uniform in probability and $t_k=kt/n$. We show that it exists and $$ [f(B^H),B^H]^{(W)}_t=-\int_{\mathbb R}f(x){\mathscr L}^H(dx,t), $$ provided $f$ is of bounded $p$-variation with $1\leq p<\frac{2H}{1-H}$. Moreover, we extend this result to the time-dependent case. These allow us to write the fractional It\^{o} formula for new classes of functions.