Nonionic and ionic surfactants at an interface

Abstract

A Ginzburg-Landau theory is presented on surfactants in polar binary mixtures, which aggregate at an interface due to the amphiphilic interaction. They can be ionic surfactants coexisting with counterions. Including the solvation and image interactions and accounting for a finite volume fraction of the surfactant, we obtain their distributions and the electric potential around an interface in equilibrium. The surface tension is also calculated. The distribution of the adsorbed ionic surfactant is narrower than that of the counterions. The adsorption is marked for hydrophilic and hydrophobic pairs of ionic surfactant and counterions.