Energy and Vorticity in Fast Rotating Bose-Einstein Condensates

Abstract

We study a rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensate confined to a finite trap in the framework of two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii theory in the strong coupling (Thomas-Fermi) limit. Denoting the coupling parameter by $1/\eps^2$ and the rotational velocity by $\Omega$, we evaluate exactly the next to leading order contribution to the ground state energy in the parameter regime $|\log\eps|\ll \Omega\ll 1/(\eps^2|\log\eps|)$ with $\eps\to 0$. While the TF energy includes only the contribution of the centrifugal forces the next order corresponds to a lattice of vortices whose density is proportional to the rotational velocity.