Supermassive Black Holes as Giant Bose-Einstein Condensates
Abstract
The Schwarzschild metric has a divergent energy density at the horizon, which motivates a new approach to black holes. If matter is spread uniformly throughout the interior of a supermassive black hole, with mass M M= 2.34 108M, it may arise from a Bose-Einstein condensate of densely packed H-atoms. Within the Relativistic Theory of Gravitation with a positive cosmological constant, a bosonic quantum field is coupled to the curvature scalar. In the Bose-Einstein condensed groundstate an exact, selfconsistent solution for the metric is presented. It is regular with a specific shape at the origin. The redshift at the horizon is finite but large, z 1014M/M. The binding energy remains as an additional parameter to characterize the BH; alternatively, the mass observed at infinity can be any fraction of the rest mass of its constituents.