Critical Charges on Strange Quark Nuggets and Other Extended Objects

Abstract

We investigate the behavior of the critical charge for spontaneous pair production, $Z_C$, defined as the charge at which the total energy of a $K$-shell electron is $E=-m_e$, as a function of the radius $R$ of the charge distribution. Our approach is to solve the Dirac equation for a potential $V(r)$ consisting of a spherically symmetrical charge distribution of radius $R$ and a Coulomb tail. For a spherical shell distribution of the type usually associated with color-flavor locked strange quark nuggets, we confirm the relation $Z_C=0.71 R({\rm fm})$ for sufficiently large $R$ obtained by Madsen, who used an approach based on the Thomas-Fermi model. We also present results for a uniformly charged sphere and again find that $Z_C\sim R$ for large enough $R$. Also discussed is the behavior of $Z_C$ when simple {\it ad hoc} modifications are made to the potential for $0\leq r < R$.