Proof of the the Riemann hypothesis from the density and Lindelof hypotheses via a power sum method

Abstract

The Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the $\varpi$-form of the prime number theorem as $\varpi(x) =O(x\sp{1/2} \log\sp{2} x)$, where $\varpi(x) =\sum\sb{n\le x}\ \bigl(\Lambda(n) -1\big)$ with the sum running through the set of all natural integers. Let ${\mathsf Z}(s) = -\tfrac{\zeta\sp{\prime}(s)}{\zeta(s)} -\zeta(s)$. We use the classical integral formula for the Heaviside function in the form of ${\mathsf H}(x) =\int\sb{m -i\infty} \sp{m +i\infty} \tfrac{x\sp{s}}{s} \dd s$ where $m >0$, and ${\mathsf H}(x)$ is 0 when $\tfrac{1}{2} <x <1$, $\tfrac{1}{2}$ when $x=1$, and 1 when $x >1$. However, we diverge from the literature by applying Cauchy's residue theorem to the function ${\mathsf Z}(s) \cdot \tfrac{x\sp{s}} {s}$, rather than $-\tfrac{\zeta\sp{\prime}(s)} {\zeta(s)} \cdot \tfrac{x\sp{s}}{s}$, so that we may utilize the formula for $\tfrac{1}{2}< m <1$, under certain conditions. Starting with the estimate on $\varpi(x)$ from the trivial zero-free region $\sigma >1$ of ${\mathsf Z}(s)$, we use induction to reduce the size of the exponent $\theta$ in $\varpi(x) =O(x\sp{\theta} \log\sp{2} x)$, while we also use induction on $x$ when $\theta$ is fixed. We prove that the Riemann hypothesis is valid under the assumptions of the explicit strong density hypothesis and the Lindel\"of hypothesis recently proven, via a result of the implication on the zero free regions from the remainder terms of the prime number theorem by the power sum method of Tur\'an.