Dynamics of the particle - hole pair creation in graphene

Abstract

The process of coherent creation of particle - hole excitations by an electric field in graphene is quantitatively described. We calculate the evolution of current density, number of pairs and energy after switching on the electric field. In particular, it leads to a dynamical visualization of the universal finite resistivity without dissipation in pure graphene. We show that the DC conductivity of pure graphene is rather $\frac{\pi e^{2}}{2 h}$ than the often cited value of $\frac{4 e^{2}}{\pi h}$. This value coincides with the AC conductivity calculated and measured recently at optical frequencies. The effect of temperature and random chemical potential (charge puddles) are considered and explain the recent experiment on suspended graphene. A possibility of Bloch oscillations is discussed within the tight binding model.