Correlation Matrices of Two-Mode Bosonic Systems

Abstract

We present a detailed analysis of all the algebraic conditions an arbitrary 4x4 symmetric matrix must satisfy in order to represent the correlation matrix of a two-mode bosonic system. Then, we completely clarify when this arbitrary matrix can represent the correlation matrix of a separable or entangled Gaussian state. In this analysis, we introduce new and alternative sets of conditions, which are expressed in terms of local symplectic invariants.