Collective modes of the massless Dirac plasma
Abstract
We develop a theory for the long-wavelength plasma oscillation of a collection of charged massless Dirac particles in a solid, as occurring for example in doped graphene layers, interacting via the long-range Coulomb interaction. We find that the long-wavelength plasmon frequency in such a doped massless Dirac plasma is explicitly non-classical in all dimensions with the plasma frequency being proportional to -1/2. We also show that the long wavelength plasma frequency of the D-dimensional superlattice made from such a plasma does not agree with the corresponding (D + 1)-dimensional bulk plasmon frequency. We compare and contrast such Dirac plasmons with the well-studied regular palsmons in metals and doped semiconductors which manifest the usual classical long wavelength plasma oscillation.