Q-ball Scattering on Barriers and Holes in 1 and 2 Spatial Dimensions
Abstract
We discuss various scattering properties of non-topological solitons, Q-balls, on potential obstructions in (1+1) and (2+1) dimensions. These obstructions, barriers and holes, are inserted into the potential of the theory via the coupling parameter, ie λ, that is effective only in a certain region of space. When λ > 1 the obstruction is a barrier and when 0 < λ < 1 the obstruction is a hole. The dynamics of Q-balls on such obstructions in (1+1) dimensions is shown to be very similar to that of topological solitons provided that the Q-balls are stable. In (2+1) dimensions, numerical simulations have shown some differences from the dynamics of topological solitons. We discuss these differences in some detail.
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