Pressure-Induced Superconductivity in Europium Metal

Abstract

Divalent Eu (4f7, J=7/2) possesses a strong local magnetic moment which suppresses superconductivity. Under sufficient pressure it is anticipated that Eu will become trivalent (4f6, J=0) and a weak Van Vleck paramagnet, thus opening the door for a possible superconducting state, in analogy with Am metal (5f6, J=0) which superconducts at 0.79 K. We present ac susceptibility and electrical resistivity measurements on Eu metal for temperatures 1.5 - 297 K to pressures as high as 142 GPa. At approximately 80 GPa Eu becomes superconducting at Tc = 1.8 K; Tc increases linearly with pressure to 2.75 K at 142 GPa. Eu metal thus becomes the 53rd known elemental superconductor in the periodic table.