Dark impact and galactic star formation: Origin of the Gould belt

Abstract

The Milky Way has a giant stellar structure in the solar neighborhood, which has a size of $\sim 1$ kpc, a mass of $\sim 10^6 {\rm M}_{\odot}$, and a ring-like distribution of young stars. Fundamental physical properties of this local enigmatic structure, known as the Gould belt (GB), have not been reproduced by previously proposed models. We first show that the local enigmatic structure can be formed about 30 Myr ago as a result of a high-speed, oblique collision between a gas cloud with a mass of $\sim 10^6 {\rm M}_{\odot}$ and a dark matter clump with a mass of $\sim 10^7 {\rm M}_{\odot}$ based on numerical simulations of the collision. We find that strong dynamical impact of the clump transforms the flattened cloud into a ring-like stellar structure after induced star formation within the cloud. Our simulations furthermore demonstrate that the stellar structure is moderately elongated and significantly inclined with respect to the disk of the Milky Way owing to the strong tidal torque by the colliding clump. We thus suggest that the GB is one of stellar substructures formed from collisions between gas clouds and dark matter clumps predicted in the hierarchical clustering scenario of galaxy formation. We also suggest that collisions of dark matter clumps with their host galaxies can significantly change star formation histories for some of their gas clouds thus influence galactic global star formation histories to some extent.