Polaron formation as a genuine nonequilibrium phenomenon
Abstract
Solitons and polarons at nonequilibrium steady states are investigated for the spinless Takayama Lin-Liu Maki model. Polarons are found to be possible only out of equilibrium. This polaron formation is a genuine nonequilibrium phenomenon, as there is a lower threshold current below which they cannot exist. It is considered to be an example of microscopic dissipative structure.
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