Semiclassical theory of energy diffusive escape

Abstract

Thermal escape out of a metastable well is considered in the weak friction regime, where the bottleneck for decay is energy diffusion, and at lower temperatures, where quantum tunneling becomes relevant. Within a systematic semiclassical formalism an extension of the classical diffusion equation is derived starting from a quantum mechanical master equation. In contrast to previous approaches finite barrier transmission also affects transition probabilities. The decay rate is obtained from the stationary non-equilibrium solution and captures the intimate interplay between thermal and quantum fluctuations above the crossover to the deep quantum regime.