Phase structure of Z2 gauge theories for frustrated antiferromagnets in two dimensions
Abstract
In this paper, we study phase structure of Z2 lattice gauge theories that appear as an effective field theory describing low-energy properties of frustrated antiferromagnets in two dimensions. Spin operators are expressed in terms of Schwinger bosons, and an emergent U(1) gauge symmetry reduces to a Z2 gauge symmetry as a result of condensation of a bilinear operator of the Schwinger boson describing a short-range spiral order. We investigated the phase structure of the gauge theories by means of the Monte-Carlo simulations, and found that there exist three phases, phase with a long-range spiral order, a dimer state, and a spin liquid with deconfined spinons. Detailed phase structure and properties of phase transitions depend on details of the models.
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