Continuous Measurement of Spin Systems with Spatially-Distinguishable Particles

Abstract

It is generally believed that dispersive polarimetric detection of collective angular momentum in large atomic spin systems gives rise to: squeezing in the measured observable, anti-squeezing in a conjugate observable, and collective spin eigenstates in the long-time limit (provided that decoherence is suitably controlled). We show that such behavior only holds when the particles in the ensemble cannot be spatially distinguished-- even in principle-- regardless of whether the measurement is only sensitive to collective observables. While measuring a cloud of spatially-distinguishable spin-1/2 particles does reduce the uncertainty in the measured spin component, it generates neither squeezing nor anti-squeezing. The steady state of the measurement is highly mixed, albeit with a well-defined value of the measured collective angular momentum observable.