Roton energy gap and spontaneous symmetry breaking
Abstract
We study elementary excitations in superfluid helium-4 employing an approach based on the spontaneous symmetry breaking. In particular, we calculate the roton energy gap at zero temperature (0). The relation that we have derived is (0) / kB Tλ = 4. The theoretical value of (0)/kB is 8.707 K, which is significantly close to the experimental value of 8.712 K. The deviation between the theoretical and experimental values is less than 0.1%.
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