Revisiting the hexagonal lattice: on optimal lattice circle packing

Abstract

In this note we give a simple proof of the classical fact that the hexagonal lattice gives the highest density circle packing among all lattices in $R^2$. With the benefit of hindsight, we show that the problem can be restricted to the important class of well-rounded lattices, on which the density function takes a particularly simple form. Our proof emphasizes the role of well-rounded lattices for discrete optimization problems.