Casimir Invariants for Systems Undergoing Collective Motion

Abstract

Dicke states are states of a collection of particles which have been under active investigation for several reasons. One reason is that the decay rates of these states can be quite different from a set of independently evolving particles. Another reason is that a particular class of these states are decoherence-free or noiseless with respect to a set of errors. These noiseless states, or more generally subsystems, can avoid certain types of errors in quantum information processing devices. Here we provide a method for calculating invariants of systems of particles undergoing collective motions. These invariants can be used to determine a complete set of commuting observables for a class of Dicke states as well as identify possible logical operations for decoherence-free/noiseless subsystems. Our method is quite general and provides results for cases where the constituent particles have more than two internal states.