Low temperature transport in tunnel junction arrays: Cascade energy relaxation

Abstract

A theory of far-from-equilibrium transport in arrays of tunnel junctions is developed. We show that at low temperatures the energy relaxation ensuring tunneling current can become a cascade two-stage process. First, charge carriers lose their energy to a bosonic environment via non-phonon energy exchange. The role of such an environment can be taken by electromagnetic fluctuations or dipole excitations (electron-hole pairs). The environment, in its turn, relaxes the energy to the thermostat by means of phonon irradiation. We derive the current-voltage characteristics for the arrays and demonstrate that opening the energy gap in the spectrum of the environmental excitations completely suppresses the tunneling current. The consequences of the cascade relaxation in various physical systems are discussed.