Impact of ferroelectric nonlinearity and correlation effects on nanodomain formation

Abstract

Using direct variational method with 2-parametric trial function and Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire thermodynamical approach, we derived analytical expressions for polarization spatial redistribution in the ferroelectrics caused by the biased Scanning Probe Microscope probe. We demonstrate that the shape of nanodomain induced by the probe electric field can be either oblate or prolate depending on the ferroelectric nonlinearity strength. For typical ferroelectric material parameters and probe apex geometry the domain nucleus aspect ratio is close to dielectric anisotropy factor. Corresponding coercive biases of a stable domain formation are in reasonable agreement with available experimental results. Spike-like domains typical for Landauer-Molotskii rigid approach appear in the considered case only when depolarization field energy contribution strongly dominates over the nonlinear correlation and field effects and domain wall energy.