Cooperative atom-light interaction in a blockaded Rydberg ensemble

Abstract

By coupling a probe transition to a Rydberg state using electro-magnetically induced transparency (EIT) we map the strong dipole-dipole interactions onto an optical field. We characterize the resulting cooperative optical non-linearity as a function of probe strength and density. We show that the effect of dipole blockade cannot be described using a mean-field but requires an $N$-atom cooperative model. Good quantitative agreement is obtained for three atoms per blockade with the $n=60$ Rydberg state. We place an upper-limit on the dephasing rate of the blockade spheres of $<110$ kHz.