Binary Bell polynomials approach to the integrability of nonisospectral and variable-coefficient nonlinear equations

Abstract

Recently, Lembert, Gilson et al proposed a lucid and systematic approach to obtain bilinear B\"{a}cklund transformations and Lax pairs for constant-coefficient soliton equations based on the use of binary Bell polynomials. In this paper, we would like to further develop this method with new applications. We extend this method to systematically investigate complete integrability of nonisospectral and variable-coefficient equations. In addiction, a method is described for deriving infinite conservation laws of nonlinear evolution equations based on the use of binary Bell polynomials. All conserved density and flux are given by explicit recursion formulas. By taking variable-coefficient KdV and KP equations as illustrative examples, their bilinear formulism, bilinear B\"{a}cklund transformations, Lax pairs, Darboux covariant Lax pairs and conservation laws are obtained in a quick and natural manner. In conclusion, though the coefficient functions have influences on a variable-coefficient nonlinear equation, under certain constrains the equation turn out to be also completely integrable, which leads us to a canonical interpretation of their $N$-soliton solutions in theory.