Remarks on the non-equilibrium effects and collision dynamics in heavy-ion collisions

Abstract

We study the beam energy dependence of equilibration process and space-time characteristics of participant and spectator matter. For this, we simulated the semi-central collisions of $^{40}Ca+ ^{40}Ca$ at incident energies of 400, 600 and 1000 AMeV within the \emph{quantum molecular dynamics} (QMD) approach. Our numerical calculations based on the molecular dynamics approach show that incident energy of the projectile influences the reaction observables drastically. The effect is more visible for transverse expansion of the nuclear matter and transparency behavior. The degree of thermalization of participant matter, however, remains independent of the incident energy. The characteristics of the trajectories followed by the nucleons suffering maximal and minimal binary collisions are also analyzed.