Lorentz violation, vacuum, cosmic rays, superbradyons and Pamir data

Abstract

The possibility that Pamir data at very high energy cannot be fully explained by standard physics has recently led to the suggestion that the peculiar jet structure observed above ~ 10E16 eV could be due to a suppression of effective space transverse dimensions. The new pattern considered violates Lorentz symmetry. We point out that, in models with Lorentz symmetry violation, a suppression of available transverse energy for jets while conserving longitudinal momentum can be generated by new forms of energy losses at very high energy without altering space-time structure. An illustrative example can be superbradyon emission, where in all cases the superbradyon energy would be much larger than its momentum times c (speed of light). More generally, such phenomena could be due to the interaction of the high-energy cosmic ray with new vacuum and/or particle structure below the 10E-20 cm scale. Scenarios involving Lorentz symmetry violation but not superbradyons are also briefly considered.