Sol-Gel Derived Ferroelectric Nanoparticles Investigated by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy
Abstract
Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) was used to investigate the ferroelectric properties of sol-gel derived LiNbO3 nanoparticles. To determine the degree of ferroelectricity we took large-area images and performed statistical image-analysis. The ferroelectric behavior of single nanoparticles was verified by poling experiments using the PFM tip. Finally we carried out simultaneous measurements of the in-plane and the out-of-plane piezoresponse of the nanoparticles, followed by measurements of the same area after rotation of the sample by 90 and 180. Such measurements basically allow to determine the direction of polarization of every single particle.
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