Asymptotic integration of $(1+\alpha)$-order fractional differential equations

Abstract

\noindent{\bf Abstract} We establish the long-time asymptotic formula of solutions to the $(1+\alpha)$--order fractional differential equation ${}_{0}^{\>i}{\cal O}_{t}^{1+\alpha}x+a(t)x=0$, $t>0$, under some simple restrictions on the functional coefficient $a(t)$, where ${}_{0}^{\>i}{\cal O}_{t}^{1+\alpha}$ is one of the fractional differential operators ${}_{0}D_{t}^{\alpha}(x^{\prime})$, $({}_{0}D_{t}^{\alpha}x)^{\prime}={}_{0}D_{t}^{1+\alpha}x$ and ${}_{0}D_{t}^{\alpha}(tx^{\prime}-x)$. Here, ${}_{0}D_{t}^{\alpha}$ designates the Riemann-Liouville derivative of order $\alpha\in(0,1)$. The asymptotic formula reads as $[a+O(1)]\cdot x_{{\scriptstyle small}}+b\cdot x_{{\scriptstyle large}}$ as $t\rightarrow+\infty$ for given $a$, $b\in\mathbb{R}$, where $x_{{\scriptstyle small}}$ and $x_{{\scriptstyle large}}$ represent the eventually small and eventually large solutions that generate the solution space of the fractional differential equation ${}_{0}^{\>i}{\cal O}_{t}^{1+\alpha}x=0$, $t>0$.