Soliton Hierarchies Constructed from Involutions

Abstract

We introduce two families of soliton hierarchies: the twisted hierarchies associated to symmetric spaces. The Lax pairs of these two hierarchies are Laurent polynomials in the spectral variable. Our constructions gives a hierarchy of commuting flows for the generalized sine-Gordon equation (GSGE), which is the Gauss-Codazzi equation for n-dimensional submanifolds in Euclidean (2n-1)-space with constant sectional curvature -1. In fact, the GSGE is the first order system associated to a twisted Grassmannian system. We also study symmetries for the GSGE.