Asteroid age distributions determined by space weathering and collisional evolution models

Abstract

We provide evidence of consistency between the dynamical evolution of main belt asteroids and their color evolution due to space weathering. The dynamical age of an asteroid's surface \citep{bib.bot05a,bib.nes05} is the time since its last catastrophic disruption event which is a function of the object's diameter. The age of an S-complex asteroid's surface may also be determined from its color using a space weathering model \citep[e.g.][]{bib.wil10,bib.jed04,bib.wil08,bib.mar06}. We used a sample of 95 S-complex asteroids from SMASS and obtained their absolute magnitudes and $u,g,r,i,z$ filter magnitudes from SDSS. The absolute magnitudes yield a size-derived age distribution. The $u,g,r,i,z$ filter magnitudes lead to the principal component color which yields a color-derived age distribution by inverting our color-age relationship, an enhanced version of the `dual $\tau$' space weathering model of \citet{bib.wil10}. We fit the size-age distribution to the enhanced dual $\tau$ model and found characteristic weathering and gardening times of $\tau_w = 2050 \pm 80$ Myr and $\tau_g = 4400^{+700}_{-500}$ Myr respectively. The fit also suggests an initial principal component color of $-0.05 \pm 0.01$ for fresh asteroid surface with a maximum possible change of the probable color due to weathering of $\Delta PC = 1.34 \pm 0.04$. Our predicted color of fresh asteroid surface matches the color of fresh ordinary chondritic surface of $PC_1 = 0.17 \pm 0.39$.