Complete determination of the number of Galois points for a smooth plane curve

Abstract

Let $C$ be a smooth plane curve. A point $P$ in the projective plane is said to be Galois with respect to $C$ if the function field extension induced from the point projection from $P$ is Galois. We denote by $\delta(C)$ (resp. $\delta'(C)$) the number of Galois points contained in $C$ (resp. in $\mathbb P^2 \setminus C$). In this article, we determine the numbers $\delta(C)$ and $\delta'(C)$ in any remaining open cases. Summarizing results obtained by now, we will have a complete classification theorem of smooth plane curves by the number $\delta(C)$ or $\delta'(C)$. In particular, we give new characterizations of Fermat curve and Klein quartic curve by the number $\delta'(C)$.