The subsurface-shear shaped solar $\alpha\Omega$ dynamo

Abstract

We propose a solar dynamo model distributed in the bulk of the convection zone with the toroidal magnetic field the flux concentrated in the near-surface layer. We show that if the boundary conditions at the top of the dynamo region allow the large-scale toroidal magnetic fields to penetrate closer to the surface, then the pattern of the modeled butterfly diagram for the toroidal magnetic fields in the upper part of the convection zone is formed by the surface rotational shear layer. The model is in agreement with observed properties of the magnetic solar cycle.