Abelian symmetries in the two-Higgs-doublet model with fermions

Abstract

We classify all possible implementations of an abelian symmetry in the two-Higgs-doublet model with fermions. We identify those symmetries which are consistent with non-vanishing quark masses and a CKM matrix which is not block-diagonal. Our analysis takes us from a plethora of possibilities down to 246 relevant cases, requiring only 34 distinct matrix forms. We show that applying Z_n with n \geq 4 to the scalar sector leads to a continuous U(1) symmetry in the whole Lagrangian. Finally, we address the possibilities of spontaneous CP violation and of natural suppression of the flavour changing neutral currents. We explain why our work is relevant even for non-abelian symmetries.