Confined gluon from Minkowski space continuation of PT-BFM SDE solution
Abstract
Recent lattice studies exhibit infrared finite effective QCD charges. Corresponding gluon propagator in Landau gauge is finite and nonzero, suggesting a mechanism of dynamical gluon mass generation is in the operation. In this paper, the analytical continuation of the Euclidean (spacelike) Pinch Technique-Background Field Method (PT-BFM) solution of Schwinger-Dyson equation for gluon propagator to the timelike region of q2 is found. We found the continuation numerically showing good agreement with a generalized Lehman representation for small Schwinger coupling. The associate non-positive spectral function has an unexpected behavior. Albeit infrared Euclidean space solution naively suggests like single scale "massive" propagator, the obtained spectrum of gluon propagator does not correspond to the delta function at single scale q=m, instead more possible singularities are generated. The pattern depends on the details of assumed Schwinger mechanism: for stronger coupling there are few maxima and minima which appear at the scale , while for perturbatively small Schwinger coupling the spectral function shows up two narrow peaks: particle and ghost excitation, which have mutually opposite signs.