Small Bites: Star formation recipes in extreme dwarfs

Abstract

We study the relationship between the gas column density (Sigma_HI) and the star formation rate surface density (Sigma_SFR) for a sample of extremely small (M_B ~ -13, Delta V_50 ~ 30 km/s) dwarf irregular galaxies. We find a clear stochasticity in the relation between the gas column density and star formation. All gas with Sigma_HI >~ 10 M_sun/pc^2 has some ongoing star formation, but the fraction of gas with ongoing star formation decreases as the gas column density decreases, and falls to about 50% at Sigma_HI ~ 3 M_sun/pc^2. Further, even for the most dense gas, the star formation efficiency is at least a factor of ~ 2 smaller than typical of star forming regions in spirals. We also find that the ratio of H-alpha emission to FUV emission increases with increasing gas column density. This is unlikely to be due to increasing dust extinction because the required dust to gas ratios are too high. We suggest instead that this correlation arises because massive (i.e. H-alpha producing) stars are formed preferentially in regions with high gas density.