Majorana Edge States in Interacting Two-chain Ladders of Fermions
Abstract
In this work we study interacting spinless fermions on a two-chain ladder with inter-chain pair tunneling while single-particle tunneling is suppressed at low energy. The model embodies a Z2 symmetry associated with the fermion parity on each chain. We find that when the system is driven to the strong-coupling phase by the pair tunneling, Majorana excitations appear on the boundary. Such Majorana edge states correspond to two-fold degeneracy of ground states distinguished by different fermion parity on each chain, thus representing a generalization of one-dimensional topological superconductors. We also characterize the stability of the ground state degeneracy against local perturbations. Lattice fermion models realizing such effective field theory are discussed.
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