Nonlocal metric formulations of MOND with sufficient lensing

Abstract

We demonstrate how to construct purely metric modifications of gravity which agree with general relativity in the weak field regime appropriate to the solar system, but which possess an ultra-weak field regime when the gravitational acceleration becomes comparable to $a_0 \sim 10^{-10} {\rm m/s}^2$. In this ultra-weak field regime, the models reproduce the MOND force without dark matter and also give enough gravitational lensing to be consistent with existing data. Our models are nonlocal and might conceivably derive from quantum corrections to the effective field equations.