Amalgamated Products of Groups II: Measures of Random Normal Forms

Abstract

Let $G=\mathop{A\ast B}\limits_C$ be an amalgamated product of finite rank free groups $A$, $B$ and $C$. We introduce atomic measures and corresponding asymptotic densities on a set of normal forms of elements in $G$. We also define two strata of normal forms: the first one consists of regular (or stable) normal forms, and second stratum is formed by singular (or unstable) normal forms. In a series of previous work about classical algorithmic problems, it was shown that standard algorithms work fast on elements of the first stratum and nothing is known about their work on the second stratum. In main theorems A and B of this paper we give probabilistic and asymptotic estimates of these strata.