KdV Hamiltonian as function of actions

Abstract

We prove that the non-linear part of the Hamiltonian of the KdV equation on the circle, written as a function of the actions, defines a continuous convex function on the $\ell^2$ space and derive for it lower and upper bounds in terms of some functions of the $\ell^2$-norm. The proof is based on a new representation of the Hamiltonian in terms of the quasimomentum and its analysis using the conformal mapping theory.