Ising model: Elementary excitation and nonsingular heat capacity at critical temperature

Abstract

We find a new parameter vector q to describe spin correlations and fluctuation characteristics. The conservation of scalar q indicates there are simple harmonic motions of q, and the motion quantum is called block-spin phonon like the phonon in a crystal, resulting in nonsingular heat capacity at T . The harmonic motions show there are hierarchies and symmetries of fluctuations, and the soft modes lead to the interactions of block-spin phonons of different frequencies.