Comparing Energy Difference and Fidelity of Quantum States

Abstract

We look for upper bounds of the relative energy difference of two pure quantum states with a fixed fidelity between them or upper bounds of the fidelity for a fixed relative energy difference. The results depend on the concrete families of states chosen for the comparison. Exact analytical expressions are found for several popular sets of states: coherent, squeezed vacuum, binomial, negative binomial, and coherent phase states. Their consequence is that to guarantee, for example, the relative energy difference less than 10% for quite arbitrary (unknown) coherent states, the fidelity must exceed the level 0.995. For other kinds of states, the restrictions can be much stronger.